Which type of electromagnetic wave possesses the greatest penetrating power?

Gamma rays possess the greatest penetrating power among the electromagnetic waves listed. This is primarily due to their high energy and short wavelength, which allow them to pass through most materials, including heavy metals and human tissues. Their penetration ability is so significant that they can be used in medical applications for cancer treatment and imaging, as they can penetrate deep into the body to target and examine internal structures.

While X-rays also have considerable penetrating capabilities and are commonly used in medical imaging, they are not as penetrating as gamma rays. Ultraviolet rays and infrared rays have shorter wavelengths compared to gamma rays and are absorbed or scattered by various materials, including skin and air. Therefore, they do not penetrate as effectively as gamma rays, making them less suitable for applications requiring deep tissue penetration or material analysis.