What was one of the first types of anesthesia used for surgical procedures, such as tumor removal or amputation?

Ether was one of the first types of anesthesia widely used for surgical procedures, including tumor removal and amputation. It became popular in the mid-19th century due to its effectiveness in inducing unconsciousness and minimizing pain during surgery. The use of ether allowed surgeons to perform more complex and lengthy operations, as patients could be rendered completely unconscious and more comfortable compared to prior methods that relied solely on physical restraints and alcohol.

Chloroform, while also an early anesthetic, was introduced slightly later and had its own issues related to safety and complications. Nitrous oxide is primarily used in dentistry and for sedation rather than major surgical procedures during the time ether was first utilized. Local anesthetics, on the other hand, are effective for minor surgeries and specific areas rather than for inducing general anesthesia needed for more extensive operations like amputations or tumor removals.