What term describes the process where protoplasm is being destroyed?

The term that describes the process where protoplasm is being destroyed is catabolism. This term specifically refers to the metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units, which usually releases energy. During catabolic processes, complex molecules like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are degraded into simpler ones, leading to the breakdown of cellular structures, including protoplasm.

In contrast, metabolism encompasses both catabolism and anabolism, representing all chemical reactions within the body. Anabolism refers to the constructive phase of metabolism, where smaller molecules are built up into larger ones, which is the opposite of what occurs in catabolism. Photosynthesis is a specific process used by plants to convert light energy into chemical energy, primarily involving the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Thus, catabolism is the correct term to define the destruction of protoplasm due to its focus on the breakdown aspect of metabolism.