What laboratory test is performed on urine to measure its concentration of wastes, minerals, and solids?

The specific gravity test is crucial for assessing the concentration of wastes, minerals, and solids in urine. By measuring the density of the urine compared to the density of water, this test gives insight into the kidney's ability to concentrate urine and maintain fluid balance. Higher specific gravity indicates more concentrated urine, often suggesting dehydration or other conditions affecting kidney function, while lower specific gravity can indicate dilution, potentially related to overhydration or certain medical issues. This test provides a broad view of urine composition and kidney performance, making it essential for diagnosing various health conditions.

In contrast, the pH test measures the acidity or alkalinity of urine but does not provide a comprehensive understanding of waste concentration. Meanwhile, the protein and glucose tests focus on detecting specific substances within urine rather than its overall concentration and composition.