What is the relationship between serum and plasma?

The relationship between serum and plasma is accurately described by stating that serum is plasma with clotting proteins removed. Plasma is the liquid component of blood that contains water, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and proteins, including clotting factors such as fibrinogen. When blood is allowed to clot, these clotting proteins are consumed in the formation of the clot, leaving behind a clear liquid known as serum.

This distinction highlights the primary difference between the two fluids and explains why serum does not contain clotting factors, making it useful for various laboratory tests and medical assessments. The other provided options do not correctly represent the scientific understanding of the relationship between serum and plasma.