What is a common treatment for empyema?

Empyema refers to the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity, typically as a result of infection, and its treatment often involves procedures that physically remove the infected fluid. Chest surgery, such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or open thoracotomy, is a common treatment approach to address empyema. This surgical intervention allows for effective drainage of the pus, helps to clear the infection, and can promote lung re-expansion.

While antibiotics are critical in managing the underlying infection, they may not be sufficient alone if fluid accumulation is significant. In such cases, the presence of a thick, fibrinopurulent pleural effusion often necessitates surgical intervention. Oxygen therapy may assist in alleviating respiratory distress, and physical therapy may be helpful in rehabilitation after surgical intervention, but these do not directly address the need to remove the infected material from the pleural space. Thus, chest surgery is considered a key and common treatment option for empyema when indicated.