How were the first cases of syphilis in Europe treated?

The first cases of syphilis in Europe were primarily treated with massive dosages of mercury. This approach emerged in the 16th century when syphilis was first identified as a distinct disease. At that time, the understanding of infectious diseases was limited, and mercury, known for its toxic properties, was commonly believed to have curative effects, especially for ailments like syphilis.

Patients would undergo mercury treatments, often involving ingesting or applying mercury compounds, which were thought to cleanse the body of the disease. Such treatments often led to severe side effects and toxicity, but the lack of effective medical knowledge at the time meant that many physicians relied on this longstanding practice, which had roots in the treatment of other diseases.

In contrast, antibiotics, which are effective against bacterial infections, were not discovered until the 20th century. Herbal remedies and bloodletting were also common medical practices during that era, but neither was specifically effective for treating syphilis as it was understood at the time.