How did Madam Curie and her husband advance medicine?

Madam Curie and her husband, Pierre Curie, significantly advanced medicine through their groundbreaking research in radioactivity, rather than by preventing blood diseases outright. Their discoveries laid the foundation for the use of radiation in medical treatments, particularly in cancer therapy. The application of radiation can help target and kill cancerous cells, thus contributing to the prevention of disease progression.

While the other options involve important areas of medical advancement, such as antibiotics, surgical techniques, and vaccines, they do not pertain to the specific contributions made by Madam Curie and her husband. Their work focused primarily on the understanding and application of radioactive elements, which have since transformed how certain diseases, especially cancer, are treated in the medical field.